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Résumé

Physicists know how to produce gases at a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero. The cooling methods apply not only to atoms but also to ions and molecules. This field of research has three times been awarded the Nobel Prize. The field experienced remarkable growth when experimentalists learned how to vary at will the interactions between particles, trapping them with optical tweezers or in optical gratings with adjustable geometry. Artificial crystals made of atoms or molecules can be built to simulate the structure of matter and elucidate some of its magnetic properties, hopefully contributing to the understanding of high-temperature superconductivity. The phenomenon of quantum entanglement is the basis for new devices for the storage and transmission of quantum information. Spectacular progress is constantly being made in metrology. For example, ultra-cold atom or ion clocks measure time to better than one second over the lifetime of the Universe. New types of industrial gravimeters and gyroscopes are improving the sensitivity of seismology and navigation in space. In addition, the extreme precision of the measurements allows tests of the fundamental laws of physics, such as quantum electrodynamics, Lorentz invariance or possible variations of the fundamental constants. The field of ultra-cold particles has now reached the stage where it provides insights in the fields of condensed matter, chemistry and even cosmology.

Auteur

  • Robin Kaiser (auteur)

    Robin KAISER is Research Director at CNRS, Institut de physique de Nice, Université de la Côte d’Azur.
  • Michèle Leduc (auteur)

    Michèle LEDUC is Research Director emeritus at CNRS, Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris.
  • Hélène PERRIN (auteur)

    Hélène PERRIN is Research Director at CNRS, Laboratoire de physique des lasers, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord.

Auteur(s) : Robin Kaiser, Michèle Leduc, Hélène PERRIN

Caractéristiques

Editeur : EDP sciences

Auteur(s) : Robin Kaiser, Michèle Leduc, Hélène PERRIN

Publication : 7 décembre 2022

Intérieur : Noir & blanc

Support(s) : Livre numérique eBook [PDF]

Contenu(s) : PDF

Protection(s) : Marquage social (PDF)

Taille(s) : 16,3 Mo (PDF)

Langue(s) : Anglais

Code(s) CLIL : 3058

EAN13 Livre numérique eBook [PDF] : 9782759827466

EAN13 (papier) : 9782759827459

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