This book is based on an in-depth conversation between Howard Burton and Jay Gargus, Professor of Physiology, Biophysics and Pediatrics and Director of the Center for Autism Research and Translation at UC Irvine. This wide-ranging conversation examines the recent explosion in our genetic understanding and its implications for the future of medicine, together with the importance of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms in order to successfully treat a wide range of genetic disorders. Prof. Gargus focuses on autism, dispelling myths associated with the condition, advocating why a treatment should be actively pursued, and illustrating what we can learn from the recent breakthrough in cystic fibrosis research.This carefully-edited book includes an introduction, Machine Repair, and questions for discussion at the end of each chapter:I. The Lure of Genetics - Where the action was—and still isII. Genetics 101 - A basic overviewIII. Towards Disease - Intervening in metabolic pathwaysIV. Autism - Myths, current understanding and challengesV. Pathways and Pleiotropy - Searching for mechanismsVI. Reasons for Optimism - Streamlined bureaucracy and bold prognosticationsAbout Ideas Roadshow Conversations:This book is part of a series of 100 Ideas Roadshow Conversations. Presented in an accessible, conversational format, Ideas Roadshow books not only explore frontline academic research featuring world-leading researchers but also reveal the inspirations and personal journeys behind the research.