This book is based on an in-depth filmed conversation between Howard Burton and Ellen Bialystok, Professor of Psychology at York University. Ellen Bialystok is a world-leading expert on the effects of bilingualism on cognitive processes across our lifespan. This conversation examines how she discovered differences in the development of essential cognitive and language abilities for bilingual children, the use of different brain networks by monolingual and bilingual young adults performing simple conflict tasks, and the postponement of symptoms of dementia in bilingual older adults, and many more fascinating aspects of bilingualism. This carefully-edited book includes an introduction, The Plastic Revolution, and questions for discussion at the end of each chapter:I. Focusing on Bilingualism - From pedagogy to battling stereotypesII. Becoming Scientific - Inklings of plasticityIII. Out of the Minds of Babes - Focusing attention from the earliest momentsIV. Differences and Definitions - Statistically significant results, and defining bilingualismV. Multitasking and Focusing - Real-world applications of bilingualism's advantagesVI. In the Brain - What’s happening insideVII. The Art of Measurement - The power of fMRIVIII. Bilingualism, Extended - The challenge of isolating relevant factorsIX. Bilingualism and Dementia - Surprising results and current puzzlesX. Public Policy Implications - The societal benefits of bilingualismXI. Open Questions and Speculations - Ongoing mysteries and the problem with projectionsAbout Ideas Roadshow Conversations Series: This book is part of an expanding series of 100+ Ideas Roadshow conversations, each one presenting a wealth of candid insights from a leading expert in a focused yet informal setting to give non-specialists a uniquely accessible window into frontline research and scholarship that wouldn't otherwise be encountered through standard lectures and textbooks. For other books in this series visit our website: https://ideasroadshow.com/.