Arturo Sosa A.

Bernard Mommer was born in 1943 in the south of France, to a Belgian mother and a German father, refugees from German fascism at the time. He holds a Degree in Mathematics (1967) and a Doctorate in Social Sciences (1976) from the University of Tübingen (Germany).Since 1970, his academic endeavours have focused on the political economy of oil, as reflected in a long list of publications on the subject, beginning with the book  Die Ölfrage  (1983), and culminating with Recursos Naturales y Globalización: Petróleo y Venezuela como ejemplos (2nd ed. 2023). In 1987 Mommer became a Venezuelan national. From 2005 to 2008 he was Vice Minister of Hydrocarbons of Venezuela and, from 2008 to 2015, Governor of Venezuela before OPEC in Vienna.